Dockage - The only option is Dysarts Great Harbor Marina at the head of the harbor. In 2014 their nightly rate was $3.10 per foot + $15 for 30 amp power. They are walking distance to downtown (about 5 minutes).
Moorings - There are two options. Hinckley rents moorings out at the entrance to the harbor (the first moorings you come to on the south side of the harbor). I don't know their current rental rate but would guess it is in the $30-$35 per night range. You get the use of their dinghy dock, restrooms/showers and laundry for that. Hinckley is too far from town to walk, but you can make a half mile dinghy run to the town dock on the north side of the harbor about a five minute walk from downtown. Hinckley's moorings are exposed during northerly and easterly winds and you get all the lobster boat traffic in the morning, but most nights they are fine and have a great view up Somes Sound or out into the Great Harbor.
The second mooring option is the 5-6 Town of Southwest Harbor moorings. They are located a few hundred yards past Hinckley in the center of the harbor. Last summer they were $25 per night. They are first come/first served. All are marked rental. If one is empty take it. The harbormaster, Adam Thurston, will come out and collect the fee in the marked harbormaster boat. You get the use of the three town docks for your dinghy, but no other services. Town moorings are more sheltered than Hinckley moorings, but the outer ones are fairly close to the Coast Guard where bright lights are left on all night. As Paul D mentioned, Ellis Yachts also has 3-4 moorings on the south side of the harbor between Hinckley and the rown dock. The Harbormaster can set you up with one of them if the town moorings are full. Ellis moorings are close to the manset side town dock.
Town docks - The town of Southwest Harbor maintains three town docks. The main dock is on the south side of the harbor about half way up the harbor. There are two floats you can tie up at for two hours and a dinghy dock along the east side of the pier. The harbormaster's office is in the trailer at this dock. The Island Explorer bus also goes right by this dock. There is a restaurant across the road from the dock. It was open in 2014, but who knows for next year.
There are also two town docks on the north side of the Harbor. As you enter the harbor, the first one is just past the Coast Guard and Beals lobster pier. There is a float and dinghy dock. This dock is convenient if you want to go to Hamilton Marine (1 minute walk from the dock) or check in at downeast diesel for potential engine repairs, but it is quite a walk from town (10-12 minutes). There is an Island Explorer bus stop next to Hamilton Marine. There is take out food at Beals lobster pier and if you want an elegant dining experience you can walk over to the Claremont Hotel for dinner at Xanthus (not cheap).
The other dock on the north side of the harbor is quite a ways in past Southwest Lobster. It is about a 5 minute walk from downdown and ther is dinghy space and you can tue up the boat for two hours. The Island Explorer bus goes by the dock.
Fuel - There are two fuel docks in Southwest Harbor. The first is at Beals (first dock past the Coast Guard on the north side of the harbor). They are the only place that has gas. They also have diesel. It is best to go there mid-day because they are often busy with lobster boats in the afternoon. The other fuel dock is at the Marina (diesel only). The fuel float is along the south side of the pier and is quite shallow at low tide. Deeper draft sailboats would be advised not to fuel up an hour either side of low. They have good prices.
Getting to Acadia National Park - During the season the free Island Explorer buss runs through Southwest Harbor at least hourly. There are timed stops on the southside of the harbor between Hinckley and the town dock, near the post office in downtown and near hamilton Marine on the north side of the harbor. The busses have bike racks.
Anchorages - People sometimes anchor in amongst the moorings in Southwest Harbor. If you do that you will be on quite short scope and be prepared for the Harbor Master to ask you to leave. You can also anchor in Somes Harbor at the head of Somes Sound. There is good access to the Island Explorer bus there and the holding is OK. The only services in Somesville is the gas station which sells propane and has a subway fast food outlet (10 minute walk from the dock in the harbor, turn right when you get to the main road).
There are also free town moorings at Little Cranberry and Great Cranberry Islands. These moorings, marked "town guest" are at the outer edge of the mooring fields. There is also the Kitsy Memorial Guest Mooring at little Cranberry Island in the middle of the mooring field that is free. The moorings at Little Cranberry are OK for the night, but expect to get rolled by lobsterboats in the morning and people heading to the restaurant on the dock in the evening. The moorings at Great Cranberry Island are good for a visit to the island, but are very rolly in the morning and late afternoon/early evening due to heavy passing traffic. The view of MDI for either of the Cranberries is fantastic though and you get great sunsets.
Frankly, for visiting the park, your best bet is Northeast Harbor since the bus service is better from there to the park. The mooring there are quite expensive though ($35-$45 depending on boat size), but are well protected except for strong southerlys. Moorings in Northeast Harbor are close together, so if you want solitude it isn't the place to go. The town has lots of amenities within easy walking distance of the dinghy dock (which is normally VERY crowded). There is also gas and diesel at Clifton Dock on the west side of Northeast Harbor as you enter (the first dock on your left as you enter).
Hope this helps